Jing is a member of the Advisory Board for the Department of Academic Conferences and Continuing Legal Education (ACCLE) at Georgetown University Law Center. On the investment side, Jing has assisted in preparing several notices to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the US (CFIUS) and securing for clients national security approvals by the US government. Her work includes advising US and foreign corporations on their trade compliance obligations, handling daily US export control and sanctions questions, and advising clients facing government investigation risks or adverse administrative actions. Jing also advises clients on export control, sanctions and related national security restrictions on trade. She also counsels clients on invalidity proceedings at the United States Patent and Trademark Office, including inter partes reviews. She advises clients on all aspects of litigation strategy, discovery, trial preparation, and post-trial filings. Jing regularly collaborates with the firm’s Intellectual Property (IP) group and has represented Chinese companies in several IP litigations before the ITC and federal courts. She also routinely analyzes obligations and defenses under WTO Agreements and advises clients on matters related to Section 301 tariffs. In AD and CVD matters, Jing defends foreign producers and US importers against US unfair trade allegations as lead counsel, before the US Department of Commerce, the US International Trade Commission (ITC) and federal courts. She assists major US and foreign corporations in focused assessments (customs audits), compliance surveys or reviews and other proceedings before US Customs & Border Protection. She advises clients on a wide range of international trade matters, including antidumping (AD), anti-subsidy (CVD), export control, sanctions, intellectual property and customs matters, with a substantial focus on advising multinational companies on cross-border compliance issues involving China. All rights reserved.Jing Zhang is a partner in Mayer Brown’s International Trade group. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Outer membrane vesicles Proinflammatory chemokines.Ĭopyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. In summary, OMVs originating from hvKP may serve to provoke the inflammatory response. However, hvKP OMVs were insufficient to kill mice. In addition, transtracheal injection of hvKP OMVs in wild-type mice led to an inflammatory response manifested by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), in accord with in vitro experiments. The vesicles induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in host cells. Furthermore, hvKP OMVs exhibited discrepant cytotoxic effects on different cell types, in vitro. Proteomic analysis was performed and hvKP OMVs were found to contain diverse proteins. In order to examine the production of OMVs from hvKP and to determine their effects on the stimulation of the host innate immune response, we used ultracentrifugation to obtain homogeneous OMVs from hvKP ATCC 1706 cultured in vitro. However, the products and role in bacterial pathogenesis of OMVs secreted from hvKP, have not yet been determined. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted from abundant gram-negative bacteria are considered an important vehicle for delivery of effector molecules to target cells. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP), an increasing important pathotype, was initially recognized as a cause of severe liver abscesses and subsequently as a cause of other complications posing a clinical threat.
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